Simple steps can be surprisingly effective in defusing conflict and polarisation.
Defusing
When people agree to think together about an issue, with a view to understanding the other person's perspective, – rather than trying to change each other's minds – half an hour is often enough to change the scene.
It works when they give each other interested attention and promise not to interrupt.
Polarisation or conflict
In Practice - Two People
On an issue where two people have completely different opinions on a topic that matters to them, suggest that they agree to: » stay interested in what the other will say next, and » think for themselves about the question, not repeat old truths or ready-made answers.
Ask them to take three minutes each, back and forth, for a total of up to 30 minutes, on the question: 'On the subject of [topic], what do you think, or feel, or want to say?'
At the end, ask them to appreciate a quality in each other.
In Practice – Groups
If a group is involved, Rounds (see Meetings and Groups) have proved effective.
Ask that all agree to give attention, promise not to interrupt and to: » stay interested in what the other will say next » think for themselves about the question, not repeat old truths or ready-made answers.
Do an opening Round on a positively charged question
Do a Round: 'on the subject of [issue] what matters most to you?' (Perhaps set a time limit of one, two or three minutes per person.)
Round: on the subject of [issue] what more do you think, or feel, or want to say?
Round: what has been valuable to you about what we have just done?
If possible, a Round of Appreciation of qualities in each other.
conflict – alternative approach
In Practice – Two People
Another tested and effective method, alternative to the above.
When the heat of the moment is over.
Agree to focus on what the issue means to the person who is thinking, with no blaming, attacks, or interpretation of the other's intentions.
One person starts and says everything they think and feel.
The other gives their full attention, stays interested and promises not to interrupt, safe in the knowledge that it will be their turn afterwards.
Change roles.
Repeat as needed, until understanding is reached.
Possibly: say what was valuable about the session.
Appreciate a quality in each other.
MorE
Resources
More on conflict and polarisation on pp. 132-139 of 'How to Listen So People Can Think' (free download) and on pp. 116-128 of Nancy Kline's 'The Promise that Changes Everything'.
Attention, as much Ease as possible, Equality and Appreciation are always key. The component of Information can be vital. Particularly in polarised situations, examining our own assumptions (part of the component Incisive Questions) can open new insight.
The astonishing power of this process
This process seems so simple, I honestly didn't think it could make much of a difference. I was wrong.